Kuva kuri Appolo kugera kuri Artemis: Uko Isi yahindutse mu myaka 58 ishize

Nyuma y'uko abari mu butumwa bw'icyogajuru igihe cya Apollo 8 bafashe ifoto izwi cyane izwi nka Earthrise mu 1968, abari mu butumwa bwa Artemis bafashe indi foto isa nayo, yerekana impinduka zikomeje kugaragara ku isi.

Ubwo uwari akuriye Apollo 8, Frank Borman, yabonaga ukwezi bwa mbere ari mu cyogajuru cyabo mu 1968, yakozwe ku mutima cyane n'uko icyo gihe ukwezi kwari kumeze.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC mu 2018, yagize ati: "Ubuso bw'ukwezi bwari bwangiritse cyane kubera imyobo yatewe n'iruka ry'ibirunga."

Ariko icyogajuru kimaze kurangiza umuzingo wacyo wa kane kizenguruka ukwezi, cyahuye n'ahantu hatandukanye rwose.

Borman yagize ati: "Twarebye hejuru tubona Isi inyuma y'ukwezi kwaka, maze Bill Anders afata amafoto ashobora kuba ari amwe mu mafoto y'ingenzi cyane yigeze gufatwa n'umuntu."

Imihindagurikire y'ikirere yahinduye cyane isura y'Isi mu myaka nka mirongo itandatu ishize.

Impuguke zabwiye BBC itandukaniro riri hagati y'amashusho ya Earthrise na Earthset, n'icyo ahishura ku mubumbe w'isi.

Ubwo abanyamakuru bamubazaga gahunda y'ishusho nshya ya Earthrise nyuma yo gutangiza urugendo rw'icyogajuru Artemis, byagaragaye ko NASA ishaka gufasha isi kumenya neza uko imibumbe yombi iteye nyuma y'urugendo rwa Apollo.

Lori Glaze, ukuriye ishami rishinzwe iterambere ry'ubushakashatsi muri uwo muryango, yagize ati: "Tuzakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibyo bibeho."

Ishusho y'Isi yafashwe inyuze mu idirishya ry'icyogajuru cya Orion, mu rugendo rw'amasaha arindwi kizenguruka ukwezi.

"Uruhande rw'Isi rumurikirwa n'izuba rugaragaza ibicu byera n'amazi y'ubururu ku karere ka Oseyaniya, mu gihe umwijima ugaragaza ijoro.

"Ishusho kandi igaragaza mu buryo burambuye ubuso bw'ukwezi hamwe n'ibibaya byaho," NASA yasobanuye iyo shusho.

Itandukaniro ry'urugendo rwa 1968, mu 2026, satelite nyinshi zagiye zifata amafoto ibihumbi by'Isi buri munsi.

Hariho kandi videwo yavuye kuri sitasiyo mpuzamahanga y'ikirere kandi ibyogajuru bitagira abapilote nabyo byashoboye gufata amafoto y'Isi biri ku kwezi.

Ariko, ishusho y'Isi yafashwe n'abantu ubwabo, ni byo bituma iba yihariye kandi ifite icyo ivuze.

Craig Donlon, ukurikirana gahunda z'ibyogajuru mu kigo cy'i Burayi gishinzwe ubumenyi bw'ikirere (ESA), avuga ko amashusho y'abantu atuma habaho uburyo butandukanye bwo kubona ibintu.

Ariko si isano ry'abantu gusa rituma amashusho ya Earthrise na Earthset aba ingenzi. Nubwo itandukaniro ryayo ari iry'imyaka 58, ashobora no gufasha kwerekana uko isi yahindutse muri icyo gihe.

"Kuva ishusho ya Earthrise yafatwa, urugero rwa dioxyde de carbone mu kirere rwiyongereyeho kimwe cya gatatu kandi ubushyuhe ku isi bwariyongereye cyane, nibura dogere selisiyusi 1," ibi ni ibyatangajwe na Richard Allan, umwarimu w'ubumenyi bw'ikirere mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe kwitegereza isi.

"Umubumbe warahindutse uko ibikorwa by'abantu byiyongera. Uko ubutaka bugaragara mu kirere, imijyi yaragutse, amashyamba yaraciwe ahinduka ubutaka bwo guhinga, ndetse byanagize uruhare mu gukama kw'inyanja ya Aral, yagabanutseho 10% by'ingano yayo kuva mu 1960."

Zimwe muri izi mpinduka zishobora no kugaragara mu mashusho ubwayo, nubwo isi yatwikiriwe n'ibicu.

"Nubwo ari ibice bitandukanye by'isi, ikintu kimwe kigaragara mu mashusho yombi, nubwo wareba ahantu hatandukanye, ni n'Inyanja y'Amajyepfo ya Antactic (Antarika)," ibi ni ibyavuzwe na Benjamin Wallis, umuhanga mu by'urubura muri Kaminuza ya Leeds, mu Bwongereza.

Yongeraho ko "Inkombe ya Antactic ni imwe mu hantu hashyuha vuba cyane ku Isi, kandi amashusho ariho ubu agaragaza igabanuka ry'urubura."

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko izi mpinduka mu rubura rwo muri Antarctica zitabayeho mu myaka 10.000 ishize.

Utundi duce tw'isi aho amazi afungishwa, tuzwi nka cryosphere, na two twagizweho ingaruka.

Kathleen Rogers, perezida w'umuryango wita ku munsi w'isi, yagize ati: "Isi igaragara neza iyo uyirebera kure, ariko iyo ugeze hafi, ubona ingaruka z'imyaka 150 . Ariko iyo shusho yateye imbaraga abo mu gisekuru cyacu gutangiza igikorwa cyo kurengera ibidukikije."

Frank Borman yapfuye mu 2023, ariko umurage w'ubutumwa bwe bwa Apollo 8 uracyahari, kandi amagambo ye aracyafite akamaro ku gisekuru gishya cy'abakora ubushakashatsi mu by'ikirere ku kwezi, "Ndatekereza ko nta n'umwe muri twe wigeze atekereza ko twajya mu kwezi tugashishikazwa no kureba isi."