Scientific research reveal informate about di death of Jesus Christ

Religion aside, some pipo believe say one man wey dem dey call Jesus live 2,000 years ago wia dem dey call Israel now.

E be dissident Jew. E lead im followers, im actions dey disturb Roman Empire. So, dem finally torture am and crucify am on Easter Day, common practice at di time.

Afta Jesus die, im followers take on di duty to spread im teachings. Afta e die, di era of mythology, religion, and theology start.

Dis change happun mostly becos of one great writer, a forerunner of di Christian Church wey write many parts of Bible. Na Paul of Tarsus (c. 5-67).

For di first century AD, about 20 years afta Jesus death, De Tarsus write seven letters wey still dey exist today.

"We dey see changes in di subject mata of di letters. E no dey tok about di historical Jesus, but about di faith of Jesus," historian and professor André Leonardo Chevitarese tok.

"Di historical Jesus know say im go suffer political death. Di leadership for dat time dey always mix religion and politics," Chevitarese tok.

"No way to separate Jesus action as political or simply religious. Di boundaries no dey clear. Dis play important role to understand Jesus both while e dey alive and afta e don die," e tok.

Jesus' final suffering

Death penalty by crucifixion no be somtin wey dey rare for dat period.

"Crucifixion na method of capital punishment wey Romans impose on slaves and all non-citizens of Roman Empire since 217 BC," Gerardo Ferrara wey be political scientist and historian specialising in di Middle East, tok.

"Na veri cruel and shameful torture. Dem no dey impose dis punishment on Roman citizen. Dem dey flog pipo wey dey suffer dis punishment based on dia social background," e tok.

"Crucifixion no be Roman invention. But e spread for Roman Empire. Dis punishment na common practice for di territories wey dem dey call Israel today," Chevitarese tok.

"About 40 years afta Jesus die, wen dem capture Jerusalem, thousands of Jews suffer crucifixion."

Di Gospels (di teachings of Christ) for di Bible dey show Jesus last moments of suffering. According to di Bible, di authorities move am from one place to anoda wit small hesitation by di authorities at di time.

Historian Chevitarese tok say dis no fit dey historically correct, becos according to di stories, Jesus die bifor Jewish Passover (one Jewish festival).

"Easter na political holiday. Dis day mark di journey of liberation from slavery system of ancient Egypt," di historian tok.

"So imagine: city full of Jews, among dis many Jews, how dem fit crucify one Jew and make am go around di city?"

"If dat bin happun, e go don be call to rebellion. Dem immediately arrest and crucify Jesus," e tok.

According to Chevitarese, di events between Jesus arrest and crucifixion for early Thursday morning and Friday morning no get historical backing. Na purely theological.

Few days bifor, for Palm Sunday, Jesus enta Jerusalem. Since e dey rare for Jesus to enta big city, di authorities arrest am dat day.

Four pillars

But why e dey so embarrassing? Becos e dey lead new kingdom. Na, di kingdom of heaven, or di kingdom of di Father.

According to di four major pillars, im speech na about kingdom wey different from di Roman Empire. "E become Jesus Christ becos of dat idea," Chevitarese tok.

Justice na di first pillar of di kingdom wey Jesus dey defend.

No be just justice, but divine justice. "E dey call God as im heavenly Father," di historian note.

"Jesus tok say, 'My kingdom na righteousness; Caesar own na kingdom of injustice,'" e tok.

Jesus declare kingdom of peace even wen as e dey against di wartime govment wey di Romans impose.

Di second pillar be say evribobi suppose dey chop equally.

"Di group wey dey wit Jesus find im preaching interesting," André Leonardo Chevitarese tok.

Finally, Jesus tok about kingdom of equality wit di participation of all. "Jesus ministry dey for both men and women," di historian note.

"Di important tin be say politics, religion, economics, and society all dey part of wetin Jesus Christ dey preach. E no clear wia politics start, wia religion end, wia social issues start. Evritin dey connected," e continue.

"Jesus die for di kingdom of God. Dis na di Jesus movement. Di next generation movement, witout Jesus, mark im death as sacrificial death. Dis one get strong religious dimension."

Di Roman authorities for di area don dey monitor Jesus movement, and wen e decide to enta Jerusalem, dem see am as beta opportunity.

"For Easter Day, inside city full of Jews from different regions, dem see am as e dey cause wahala for di temple. So, di authorities feel say e dey necessary to arrest am quick and crucify am," di historian tok.

"All di evangelists agree say Jesus death happun for Friday, during di Easter holiday," Ferrara comment.

Giuseppe Ricciotti, wey be Italian priest and biblical archaeologist and di author of di book Vita di Gesù Cristo, gada historical informate and conclude say di execution dey likely to happun on di date wey dey equivalent to April 7, 30 AD.

How di death on di cross be like?

E get three ways wey dem fit take kill criminals for ancient Rome. According to di historian, dem fit embalm di bodi of pipo wey dem sentence to death.

Typically, pipo wey dem accuse of committing crime like murder, parricide, crime against di state, and sexual assault, dem dey take dem go Roman open air theatre.

For di arena, dem go torture dem in different ways until dem die. Afta dem die, dia remains na insect go chop am.

Di second way to kill pesin na to burn am. For dis one, no trace of dead bodi.

Crucifixion na punishment wey dem dey give slaves wey try to kill dia masters, pipo wey join rebellion, and anybodi wey no be Roman citizen, like Jesus.

"While pesin wey dem dey crucify still dey alive, bird wey dey hunt go begin to chop dem. Afta three or four days, animal go chop dia flesh as e dey rot and fall from di cross," Chevitarese tok.

Frederick Thomas Zugibe (1928-2013), professor for Columbia University and former chief pathologist for New York Medico-Legal Institute, conduct series of experiments wit several volunteers for early 2000s to observe wetin fit happun to human bodi if dem crucify di pesin.

Dem publish di results of di book 'Crucifixion of Jesus: A Forensic Inquiry'.

For di study, dem use wooden crosses wey dey measure 2.34 metres high and 2 metres long. Di subjects dey under 30 years. Dem tie dem to di wooden cross and dem dey monitor dia body movements electronically. Dem measure dia heart rate and blood pressure wit electrocardiogram.

Dem no fit rest dia neck behind di cross, wey dey cause severe pain for dia necks and constant tingling feeling for dia knees and thighs.

During Jesus time, different types of crosses dey wey dem dey use for capital punishment. Among dem na di T-shaped and dagger-shaped crosses wey be di most important.

Agreement no dey among scholars on di type of cross wey dem use for Jesus. Ferrara believe say na sword-shaped cross dem use.

Wetin be di weight of di cross wey Jesus carry?

Dr Zugibe report say Jesus carry only di horizontal part of di cross on di way to wia dem wan go crucify am. E write say di vertical cross go dey carried at di place of crucifixion outside di city.

Di horizontal part weigh about 22kg. Di horizontal part of di cross, including di vertical part, dey between 80kg and 90kg. E no dey possible to carry am waka for long. Dem believe say Jesus waka about 8km.

"Roman customs and historical documents confam di details of di punishment. Dose wey receive dis punishment go get dia hands tied to di cross or nailed to am," Ferrara explain.

"On di oda hand, dem dey also tie di feet or nail am. Dem dey torture dem wit terrible pain to cause veri slow death. Dem dey crucify and suspend dem half a metre above di ground. Dem dey strip dem naked and torture dem for hours or days. Dis dey cause pain, nausea, and di inability to breathe properly. Di arms and legs go become weak becos di blood no fit reach di feet," e tok.

Di researchers agree say dem drive di nails into di wrists, no be di palms, becos if dem do am for di palms, di whole hand go tear becos of bodi weight.

"Becos of di structure of di hands and di lack of important bones, di flesh fit tear becos of too much weight," Ferrara tok.

Dr Zugibe tok say di nails na 12.5 centimetres long and add say dem drive di nail into Jesus palm centre, no be just below im thumb.

As Jesus dey for di cross, dem also put nails for im feet. Di nails go damage important nerves, e go cause unbearable and constant pain.

"How long e go take for pesin wey dey suffer like dis to die? Dem dey die by convulsions. Dis one dey make dia muscles break down and dem go die from lack of air wit plenti pain for dia bodi," Chevitarese tok.

Ferrara say Jesus die from heart attack as result of dis torture. Through im experiments, Joukibe check di three most accepted ideas about Jesus death: asphyxiation, heart attack, and haemorrhagic shock.

E research conclude say Jesus suffer heart attack due to hypovolemia, becos im blood volume decrease significantly due to crucifixion and torture. So, e fit don bleed to death.

"[Crucifixion] na death of physical violence. Di time of death depend on di condition of di pesin wey dem crucify. If di torture wey e suffer bifor di crucifixion too dey intense, e fit die quick afta," Chevitarese tok.

"Jesus agony fit last for some hours. E probably die in less dan two hours, maybe becos of di blood loss during di torture bifor dem crucify am," Ferrara believe.

Di tortures of crucifixion

If pesin wey dem sentence to death by crucifixion dey considered as "unclean" by di Romans, or na non-Roman citizen or from lower social class, di executioners dey believed to don subject dem to all kinds of assaults. For dis, dem use one specific whip wey dem dey call asorac.

Ferrara tok say for Jesus case, dem use metal balls wey get sharp tips, wey fit tear skin and pull flesh.

"E be 'criminal' from di margins of society of non-noble origin. Jesus na Jew from small eastern province of di Roman Empire," Ferrara tok.

According to wey Dr Zugibe conduct, na three strips dem take make di model of di whip wey dem take beat Jesus.

Such convicts typically receive 39 lashes wit di instrument; wen dem beat Jesus wit dis, made of lamb bone, e be like to receive 117 lashes.

Di doctor explain say dis fit cause tremors, fainting, severe bleeding, liver and spleen damage, and accumulation of blood and fluid for di lungs.

On di way to di crucifixion place, di torture no get end. Dem dey beat, mock, and subject dem to serious violence. As mockery, di Bible tok say dem place crown of thorns for Jesus head.

Zugibe bin wan know which plant dem use for di crown of thorns. Afta e interview botanists and Middle Eastern scholars, e identify possible plant species wey get big thorns. E collect seeds, grow di plants, and analyse dem by imsef.

E conclude say di plant wey dem dey call 'Christ's crown' (Euphorbia milii) na di one wey dem use. According to di coroner, di head injuries wey come from di thorns of dis plant, rather dan make e cause heavy bleeding for di face and scalp, go reach di nerves wey dey di head and cause unbearable pain.

Dem build tomb for Jesus?

Chevitarese tok say contrary to wetin di Bible tok, di crucifixion of Jesus take place far from eyewitnesses. E tok say dem fit don crucify Jesus so dem no go incite rebellion among di pipo.

Unlike religious stories, dem no preserve Jesus burial or di remains of im bodi.

"Dem no dey bury pipo wey dem crucify. Dem still dey alive, but dem crucify dem. Di birds of prey know say dem no fit move. Dem go chop dia eyes, nose, and cheeks," e explain.

"Dia bodis go hang for di cross for four or five days. Di flesh go start to dey rot and fall off. Dogs and oda animals go chop di human remains," e tok.

According to wetin e tok, dis thesis be say na thousands of slaves dem crucify at dat time. Dem no find any record of graves or bones.

"Historically, dem no dey bury di pipo wey dem crucify," e tok. "But theologically, e dey clear say dem gatz bury Jesus and den e go resurrect," e tok.