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如何用 “warm、cold、soft、hard” 形容人的 “态度”

Episode 260325 / 25 Mar 2026

内容简介

“热情似火”、“冷若冰霜”……这些在汉语里形容性格或态度的词语都和 “温度” 有关。在英语中，人们同样会用 “warm（温暖的）” 和 “cold（冰冷的）” 来形容一个人 “态度温和” 或 “态度冷漠”。还有哪些用 “感受” 来描述 “态度” 的单词？听节目，跟主持人步理和 Becca 学习这些单词的含义和用法。

文字稿

（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Buli
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC 英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。We are here to answer your questions about English language, culture and life. I'm Buli, and I'm with Becca who is here to help me answer this week's question. Hi Becca.

Becca
Hey Buli. How are you doing today?

Buli
I'm alright, thanks Becca, how about yourself?

Becca
Um, it's a bit cold in this studio, don't you think?

Buli
Hmm, I feel quite warm.

Becca
Well, that's because you're wearing that warm, soft jumper. Perhaps I should get my jumper too.

Buli
OK! While you do that, let's hear our question for this episode.

Question
我经常听到有人用 “warm to”、“cold to”、“soft on” 和 “hard on” 来形容一个人对他人的态度。这些用法好像都具有比喻的成分，它们具体表达了什么意思呢？还有没有其它单词具有类似的用法呢？

Buli
Becca, you're back! Are you feeling less chilly?

Becca
Yeah, much better thanks.

Buli
Hmm, is there something wrong? You still seem a little bit upset.

Becca
Well, I checked my phone just a moment ago as I was grabbing my jumper, and I read a message from my friend. She's being pretty cold to me.

Buli
Oh no! I can't imagine that anyone would be cold to you, you're so warm to everyone! Can you think of any reason why?

Becca
Thanks for saying that, Buli. Well… I didn't reply to her messages all weekend because I was so busy. Maybe that's why she's being cold to me.

Buli
Maybe. Still, you shouldn't be too hard on yourself. Sometimes we forget to reply to people. It happens.

Becca
That's true. I'm usually really soft on this friend, but the message wasn't very nice.

Buli
What did it say?

Becca
I'll tell you later at lunch! Let's get back to the question for now.

Buli
你正在收听的是 BBC 英语教学制作的 “你问我答” 节目。在本期节目中我们正在学习用温度、触觉等感受来形容人的 “态度” 的单词。在刚才的对话中，我和 Becca 就使用了问题中提到的 “warm”、“cold”、“soft” 和 “hard” 四个形容词来描述我们和他人彼此之间的态度。

Becca
Yes. Those adjectives can mean different things depending on the context in which we use them. Before we listened to the question, I said that I was cold, as in temperature. We can also use cold to describe someone who is mean or unkind.

Buli
是的。单词 “cold” 的意思是 “冷的，凉的”。如果用 “cold” 来形容一个人的态度，那么意思就是这个人的态度 “冷淡，冷漠，不友好”。而与之相对，单词 “warm（热的，温暖的）” 则可以用来形容一个人 “热情，友好，态度友善”。

Becca
Exactly! I think you're a warm person, Buli.

Buli
Aw thank you, Becca! Now, what happens when we use the preposition 'to' after these adjectives?

Becca
Well, we use adjectives with preposition 'to' to express that we are being that way towards someone. For example, if I forget to reply to my friend's message, she is cold to me. In the same way, we can be funny to someone when we tell jokes, nice to someone when we give gifts, or kind to someone when help them with something.

Buli
也就是说，我们可以用 “warm” 和 “cold” 搭配介词 “to” 来表示 “对……态度友善或者冷漠”。类似的用法还有 “funny to someone（对某人幽默风趣）”、“nice to someone（对某人友好）” 和 “kind to someone（对某人体贴，关爱某人）”。

不过要注意，并不是所有形容词都可以搭配 “to” 来形容对一个人的态度。比如，如果我们对某人感到生气，那么就需要说 “angry with someone”。

And, Becca, we can also use 'warm' as a verb, right?

Becca
Yes. For example, I didn't really like commuting to work, but after a while, I started to like it. It gave me lots of time to listen to music and read, which I love. I warmed to commuting.

Buli
So, it seems to have a similar meaning to 'becoming familiar with something and starting to like it'. 也就是说，我们还可以把 “warm” 用作动词，意思就是 “逐渐熟悉并喜欢上一件事”，就好像逐渐能从中感受到温暖、对它的态度慢慢变得友善了一样。

Becca
Yes, exactly.

Buli
“Warm” 和 “cold”是一对反义词。刚才的问题还提到了另一对形容材质或质地的反义词 “soft（柔软的）” 和 “hard（坚硬的）”，它们也可以用来形容人的态度。

Becca
Yes. If you're soft, you're quite gentle, maybe you don't like arguing or confrontation, and you might be quite weak. If you're hard, you're quite strong and tough, maybe in an intimidating way.

Buli
是的。“Soft” 可以指一个人 “心肠很软，不喜欢和他人争斗，或者有些软弱”。“Hard” 指的则是一个人 “态度严厉，强硬，甚至有些固执”。So, how do their meanings change when we add the preposition 'on'?

Becca
It changes a little. Adding the preposition 'on' expresses how you treat someone. If you're soft on someone, it means you don't pressure them and are generally nice to them and patient with them, sometime because we really like them or love them.

However, if you're hard on someone, you might put a lot of pressure on them. You might be strict with them or impatient. You can also be hard on yourself, too.

Buli
也就是说，我们可以用 “soft on someone” 和 “hard on someone” 来表达 “对一个人态度柔和，有耐心，不计较” 和 “对一个人要求严格，态度强硬”。

除此之外，我们还可以用 “hard on oneself” 来表达 “对自己过于严格，给自己太多压力”。

Becca
Remember, if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Buli
你还可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学” 。Bye!

Becca
Goodbye!

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