Yadda Trump ke son kawo karshen zama ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar haihuwa a Amurka

Kotun kolin Amurka za ta saurari muhawara a watan Afrilu kan halascin shirin shugaba Donald Trump na takaita ƴancin zama ɗan kasa ta hanyar haihuwa, mai cike da cece-kuce.

Trump ya saka hannu kan dokar ne ranar 20 ga watan Janairun 2025 - ranarsa ta farko a ofis a wa'adin mulkinsa na biyu - abin da ya janyo kalubalantar matakin a kotu da kuma ya jefa iyalai baƙi cikin yanayi na rashin tabbas.

A tsawon shekara 160, garambawul na 14 da aka yi wa kundin mulkin Amurka ya bai wa duk wanda aka haifa a ƙasar, shaidar zama ɗan ƙasa kai-tsaye.

Sai dai shirin Trump na neman soke wannan ƴancin, abin da zai hana yaran da ƴan ci-rani suka haifa waɗanda ke cikin ƙasar ba bisa ka'ida ba ko kuma bisa biza na wucin gadi, damar zama ƴan ƙasa.

Saboda hukuncin da wasu kotuna suka yanke na dakatar da umarnin, hakan ya sa babu wanda abin ya shafa kawo yanzu.

Idan Trump ya yi nasara a Kotun Koli, dokar za ta fara aiki kwanaki 30 bayan hukuncin.

Don haka, ta yaya za a kwatanta wannan da dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa a faɗin duniya?

Yaya tsarin zama ɗan ƙasa a faɗin duniya yake?

Tsarin zama ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar haihuwa, ko kuma (cikakken ɗan ƙasa) ya bambanta a duniya.

Amurka na ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe 30 - waɗanda yawanci ke yankin Amurka - da suke ba da shaidar zama ɗan ƙasa ga duk wanda aka haifa a ƙasashen. Sauran ƙasashen sun kunshi Brazil, Argentina, Chile da kuma Mexico.

Sai dai, tsarin ya bambanta da yawancin ƙasashe da ke nahiyar Asiya, Turai, ko kuma wasu sassan Afirka waɗanda ke aiki da tsarin zama ɗan ƙasa na asali, inda yara ke gadon ƙasa daga wajen mahaifansu (ta hanyar jini), ba tare da la'akari da inda aka haife su.

Misali, ƙasashe da ke amfani da irin wannan tsari sun haɗa da Rasha, Indonesiya, Japan, China, Thailand, Vietnam, Najeriya, da kuma yawancin ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya da kuma Arewacin Afirka.

Indiya ma na amfani da wannan tsarin zama ɗan ƙasa ta jini, yayin da Pakistan kuma ke ba da shaidar dan ƙasa ga duk wanda aka haifa a ƙasar.

Wasu ƙasashe kuma na amfani da duka tsarin, da kuma ba da shaidar zama ɗan ƙasa ga duk yaran da ke zaman dindindin.

Ƙasashen da ke amfani da tsarin da ya gauraya kuma sun haɗa da Birtaniya, Portugal, Sifaniya, Faransa, Jamus, Australiya da kuma Afirka ta Kudu.

John Skrentny, wani farfesa a jami'ar California a San Diego, ya ce tsarin zama ɗan ƙasa ta hanyar haihuwa da kuma jini ba sabon abu bane a faɗin Amurka, "kowace jiha na da nata tsarin".

"Alal misali, wasu sun yi amfani da bayi da kuma tsoffin bayi, wasu kuma ba su yi haka. Tarihi yana da tsarkakiya," in ji shi.

Sauya tsare-tsare da ƙaruwar takunkumai

A shekarun baya bayan-nan, wasu da dama sun sauya dokokin zama ɗan ƙasa, tsaurarawa ko kuma soke shaidar zama ɗan ƙasa saboda damuwa kan ƙwararar ƴanc ci-rani, asalin ƙasa da kuma abin da ake kira "yawon buɗe idon haihuwa" inda mutane ke kai ziyara wata ƙasa don su haihu.

Alal misali, Indiya ta taɓa bai wa duk wanda aka haifa a ƙasar shaidar ƙasa. Sai dai bayan tsawon lokaci, aka fara nuna damuwa kan shigowar ƴan ci-rani, musamman daga Bangladesh abin da kuma ya janyo saka takunkumi.

Tun watan Disambar 2004, duk yaron da aka haifu a Indiya na zama ɗan ƙasa ne kawai idan duka mahaifanshi suka kasance ƴan asalin ƙasar, ko kuma idan ɗaya daga cikin iyayen ne ɗan ƙasa, to ana ɗaukar haka a matsayin shiga ƙasar ba bisa ka'ida ba.

Ƙasashen Afirka da dama, waɗanda a tarihi suka yi amfani da shaidar ɗan asalin ƙasa lokacin mulkin mallaka, daga baya sun yi watsi da tsarin bayan samun ƴancin kai. A yau, yawancinsu na buƙatar cewa ɗaya daga cikin iyaye ya kasance ɗan asalin kasa ne na jini ko kuma wanda yake zaman dindindin.

An fi saka takunkumi kan zama ɗan kasa a yawancin ƙasashen Asiya, waɗanda ke amfani da tsarin asali, kamar yadda ake gani a ƙasashe irinsu China, Malaysia da kuma Singapore.

Turai ya fuskanci sauye-sauye da dama. Ireland ce ƙasa ta karshe a yankin da ta bar dama ga kowane tsarin ɗan ƙasa. Ta soke tsarin bayan kuri'ar jin ra'ayi a watan Yunin 2004, lokacin da kashi 79 na masu kuri'a suka buƙaci garambawul ɗin kundin tsarin mulki da ke buƙatar ɗaya daga cikin iyaye ya zama ɗan asalin ƙasa, mai zaman dindindin, ko kuma shaidar zama na wucin gadi.

Gwamnati ta ce ana bukatar canji saboda matan ƙasashen waje na balaguro zuwa Ireland don haihuwa saboda su samu fasfo ɗin EU ga jariransu.

Matsaloli na shari'a

Sa'o'i kaɗan bayan umarnin shugaba Trump ranar 20 ga Janairun 2025, jihohin da jam'iyyar Democrat ke iko da su 22, birnin San Francisco, Gundummar Columbia, da kuma ƙungiyoyin fararen hula sun shigar da ƙarar gwamnatin ƙasar, inda suke kalubalantar matakin.

Umarnin shugaban ƙasar ya samu gagarumin koma-baya, A rana ta huɗu ta komawa kan mulkin Trump, wani lauyan kotun Amurka John Coughenour ya soke umarnin na wucin-gadi, inda ya ce hakan ya saɓa wa "kundin mulki".

Wannan ya biyo ƙarin lauyoyin tarayya da suka fito suka ce umarnin Trump ya saɓa wa kundin tsarin mulki, inda wasu kotunan tarayya biyu suka yanke hukuncin cewa umarnin bai soma aiki ba.

Daga nan Trump ya garzaya zuwa Kotun Koli domin adawa da hukuncin. A wata nasara ga Trump, kotun ta yanke cewa hukuncin da kotunnan ƙasa suka bayar ba huruminsu bane yin haka, ko da yake bai yi magana kan batun shaidar ɗan kasa ta hanyar haihuwa ba.

A yanzu batun yana gaban Kotun Kolin Amurka yayin da Trump, kuma za a fara sauraron shari'ar a watan Afrilu.