Ingene 'Chatbots' za AI zishobora gutuma uba ikijuju

Mu gihe imashini z'ubwenge buhanitse zigenda zisubirira abantu mu bikorwa vyinshi vy'ubwenge, abashakashatsi bariko baragabisha ko gushingira ku mashini mu vyiyumviro bifise ico bitwara ku bwenge bw'abantu.

Igihe umushakashatsi Nataliya Kosmyna yariko araronda abimenyereza umwuga , yarabonye ko amakete yo gusaba akazi yaronse saya cane.

Yari maremare, yanditse neza cane, kandi inyuma y'intango akenshi yahita ajabuka akaja ku buryo budasobanutse neza buhuza ibikorwa vyiwe n'ivyo abo basaba bavuga.

Yaciye atahura ko abayanditse bariko barakoresha imashini z'ubwenge buhanitse (LLMs) — ubwoko bw'ubwenge bw'ubukorano bukoresha imashini nka ChatGPT, Google Gemini na Claude - mu kwandika ayo makete.

Muri ico gihe nyene, mu vyigwa kuri kaminuza ya Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Kosmyna, yiga ibijanye n'imigenderanire hagati y'abantu na orodinateri, yabonye ko abanyeshure benshi bariko baribagira ibintu ugereranije n'imyaka mike iheze.

Kubera ko abantu bariko barushiriza kwisunga izi LLMs, yaciye agira amakenga ko ivyo bishobora kuba bigira ico bitwaye ku bushobozi bwo kwiyumvira bw'abanyeshure biwe, aca arondera gutahura neza ico kibazo.

Ivyo abashakashatsi nka Kosmyna bagendereza ni uko, nitwishingira cane ubwenge bw'ubukorano (AI), bishobora guhindura ururimi dukoresha ndetse n'ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukora ibikorwa vyoroshe vyo kwiyumvira. Ubu hariho ubushakashatsi bwinshi buriko burerekana ko uku gushira ivyiyumviro vyacu ku mashini bishobora kwonona ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira.

Ingaruka zavyo zishobora kuba zikomeye cane kandi mbere zigashobora no gutuma ubwenge busubira inyuma.

Umugwi wa ChatGPT werekanye ko ubwonko bukora buke cane - bwagabanutse gushika ku bice 55 kw'ijana

Birazwi cane ko ibikoresho dukoresha bishobora guhindura ukuntu twiyumvira. Nk'akarorero, aho internet itanguriye gukoreshwa cane, ibikorwa vyahora bisaba ubushakashatsi bwimbitse vyashobora gusubirizwa n'ukwinjiza ikibazo gusa mu rubuga rwo kurondera amakuru.

Uko ikoreshwa rya moteri zo kurondera ryagenda ryongerekana, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abantu bagenda batibuka neza utuntu n'utundi, ivyo bikaba vyiswe "ingaruka ya Google". (Naho hari abavuga ko internet nayo ari nk'ububiko bwo hanze bw'amakuru bufasha ubwonko bwacu gukora ibindi bikorwa.)

Ariko ubu hari impungenge ziguma ziyongera ko uko dutanga n'ibindi vyinshi mu vyiyumviro vyacu ku mashini z'ubwenge buhanitse (LLMs) n'ubundi buryo bwa AI, ingaruka ku kwibuka n'ubushobozi bwo gutorera umuti ibibazo zishobora kurushiriza kuba mbi.

Ibikoresho vy'ubwenge bw'ubukorano birashobora kwandika imvugo ishika ku mutima, gutanga impanuro zijanye n'amafaranga, canke no guhuza abantu n'ukuganira. N'abanyeshure na bo nyene bariko barushiriza gutanga ibikorwa vyabo ku mashini za AI.

Ubushakashatsi bumaze kwerekana ko urwaruka rushobora kuba ruri mu ngorane nyinshi ziterwa n'ingaruka mbi zo gukoresha AI ku bushobozi nyamukuru bwo kwiyumvira, nk'ubwenge bwo gusesengura no kwiyumvira ku giti c'umuntu. Ariko Kosmyna yashatse kugenda kure cane, aca arondera gusuzuma neza izindi ngaruka zishoboka.

Kugabanuka kw'inguvu z'ubwonko

Wewe hamwe na bagenzi biwe bo muri MIT Media Lab batoye abanyeshure 54, babasaba kwandika inyandiko ngufi, hanyuma babacamo imigwi itatu. Umugwi wa mbere wabwirijwe gukoresha ChatGPT.

Umugwi wa kabiri wari wemerewe gukoresha Google mu kurondera amakuru, ariko ata camake zitangwa na AI. Umugwi ugira gatatu ntiwakoresheje ubuhinga bwa none na bumwe. Mu gihe bariko barandika, ibikorwa vy'ubwonko bw'umwe wese vyaripimwe.

Insiguro z'ivyo bandika zaratoranijwe ku buryo zifunguye cane, bivuga ko atari ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwinshi. Harimwo ibibazo bijanye n'ubwizigirwa, umunezero canke amahitamo dukora mu buzima bwa misi yose.

Ivyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi ntibiratangazwa mu kinyamakuru c'ubuhinga, ariko nk'uko Kosmyna abivuga, vyarashitse ku mutima cane.

Abakoresheje ubwenge bwabo gusa bagaragaje ko ubwonko bwabo bwari "buri mu muriro", bugaragaza ibikorwa vyinshi mu bice bitandukanye vy'ubwenge.

Umugwi wakoresheje moteri zo kurondera gusa na wo warerekanye ibikorwa bikomeye mu bice vy'ubwenge bijejwe kubona, ariko umugwi wakoresheje ChatGPT warerekanye ibikorwa bikeya cane vy'ubwenge — vyaragabanutse gushika kuri 55%.

Kosmyna avuga ati: "Ubwonko ntibwasinziriye, ariko hariho ibikorwa bike cane mu bice bijanye no guhanga no gutunganya amakuru."

ChatGPT na yo nyene yagize ingaruka ku kwibuka kw'abantu. Inyuma yo gushikiriza inzandiko zabo, abantu bo mu mugwi wakoresheje AI ntibashoboye gusubiramwo ivyiyumviro vyabo, kandi benshi bumva ko ata burenganzira bafise kuri ico gikorwa.

Ubundi bushakashatsi na bwo bwarerekanye ko abantu bagabanukirwa n'ubushobozi bwo kugumya no kwibuka amakuru iyo bakoresheje ibikoresho vya AI nka ChatGPT.

N'aho ivyo vyashitsweko bikiriko bisubirwamwo n'abahinga, bihuye n'ivyavuye mu bundi bushakashatsi. Icigwa kimwe cakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo kuri kaminuza ya Pennsylvania kivuga ko abantu bamwe bahura n'ico bita "ukwitanga kw'ubwenge" igihe bakoresha chatbots za AI.

Ivyo bisigura ko bakunda kwemera ivyo AI ibabwira batabisuzumye cane, mbere bagashobora kuyireka igatsimbataza canke igatsinda ivyo biyumvamwo bo nyene.

Ingaruka nk'izo ntizigarukira gusa ku ma chatbot ya AI – zishobora no kuboneka mu bindi bihe bikomeye cane, mbere n'aho ubuzima bw'umuntu buri mu ngorane.

Ubushakashatsi bushasha bwakozwe n'umurwi w'abashakashatsi mpuzamakungu bwerekanye ko abaganga bakoresheje igikoresho ca AI mu gusuzuma indwara ya kanseri yo mu mara manini mu gihe c'amezi atatu, hanyuma bagasanga bagabanutse ubushobozi bwo kubona iyo ndwara batagikoresheje ico gikoresho.

Gutanga ibikorwa kuri AI birashobora no gutuma umuntu atakaza igice kinini c'ubuhinga bwo kwiyumvira butuma habaho ibikorwa bishasha kandi vy'umwihariko, nk'uko Nataliya Kosmyna abiburira.

Avuga ko inyandiko abanyeshure banditse bakoresheje ChatGPT zasa cane, kandi abarimu bazisuzumye bazise "izitagira umutima", zidafise umwihariko n'uburebure bw'ivyiyumviro.

Yongerako ati: "Umwe mu barimu yabajije nimba abanyeshure bari bicaye begeranye kubera ukuntu inyandiko zabo zari zisa cane."

N'aho ubushakashatsi nk'ubwo bwerekana ingaruka z'igihe gito ama‑LLM ashobora kugira ku bwonko, ingaruka z'igihe kirekire zo ntizirameyekana neza.

Ariko ubushakashatsi bwa Kosmyna na bagenzi biwe buratanga akajambo k'ico bishobora kuba. Amezi ane inyuma y'ubushakashatsi bw'intango, basavye abanyeshure kwandika ikindi cegeranyo, ariko ico gihe abari bakoresheje ChatGPT babwirwa ko bokora batagira infashanyo ya LLM.

Ukwifatanya kw'uduce dutandukanye tw'ubwonko kwari hasi kurusha ku bari bahinduye bakava ku kudakoresha bagatangura gukoresha, ivyo bishobora kwerekana ko batari binjiye cane mu nyigisho kuva mu ntango.

Kugabanuka kw'ubwonko

Ariko rero, LLMs zishobora kuba igikoresho ciza co gufasha kwiyumvira, ariko mu gihe tudashobora kuzikoresha mu kugenzura ibikorwa vyacu vy'ubwonko, nk'uko bivugwa n'umuhinga mu vy'ubwonko Vivienne Ming, umwanditsi w'igitabo Robot Proof arafise impungenge kuko avuga ko atari ko abantu benshi bakoresha ubu buhinga.

Ivyo abishingira ku bushakashatsi yakoze mu gihe yariko arandika ico gitabo ciwe, aho Ming yasavye umugwi w'abanyeshure bo kuri kaminuza ya Berkeley kuvuga ibizova mu buzima busanzwe, nk'igiciro c'igitoro. Yasanze benshi mu bitavye ico giteramo babajije gusa AI hanyuma bagakoporora 'inyishu.

Yarapimye ibikorwa vy'ubwonko bwabo - ikimenyetso c'utwigoro tw'ubwonko - asanga vyerekana ko ata kintu kinini cabaye.

Ubushakashatsi bwiwe n'ubu ntiburatangazwa, ariko Ming afise impungenge ko mu gihe ivyavuye mu bushakashatsi vyiwe vyoshobora kugira ingaruka z'igihe kirekire. Nk'akarorero, ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko gifitaniye isano no gusubira inyuma kw'ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira mu myaka yo hanyuma.

Ming avuga ati: "Birateye impungenge cane." "Nimba ari uburyo busanzwe bw'abantu bwo gukorana n'ubu buhinga - kandi aba ni abana b'incabwenge - ni bibi." Avuga ko ivyiyumviro vyimbitse ari vyo bidushoboza cane. "Mu gihe tutayikoresha, ingaruka z'igihe kirekire ku buzima bw'ubwonko ziba zikomeye cane."

Ivyo biterwa n'uko iyo twishimikije ama LLMs bisaba utwigoro duke cane tw'ubwonko, niko Ming yongeyeko, ivyo bikaba ari vyo bikenewe kugira ubwonko bugire amagara meza.

Umugwi muto w'abitabiriye ico cegeranyo – batagera no kuri 10% – ni bo bakoze mu buryo butandukanye, bakoresha ubwenge bukorano (AI) nk'igikoresho co kwegeranya amakuru hanyuma bakayasesangura ubwabo. Abo bantu bakoze ivyiyumviro vy'ukuri kurusha abandi kandi barerekanye ko ubwonko bwabo bukora cane kurusha ubwa bagenzi babo.

Ku buzima bwiza bw'ubwonko mu gihe kirekire, ni ngombwa ko tuguma twigerageza no kwiyumvisha ubwacu.

Haraheze hafi imyaka mirongo ibiri, Ming yari yavuze ko mu myaka 20 gushika kuri 30 tuzobona ukwiyongera kugaragara kw'indwara yo kwibagira (démence) bifitaniye isano no kwizigira cane amakarata ya Google Maps. Ming yavuze ati: "Nari nshaka gutuma abantu biyumvira cane. Nimba utagikeneye kwiyumvira inzira, hazoba ingaruka ku bwonko."

Naho ata makuru nyayo dufise kuri ico ciyumviro, gukoresha cane GPS vyarerekanywe ko bishobora gutuma ukwibuka ibijanye n'ahantu bigabanuka uko igihe kigenda kirahera, nk'uko ivyigwa kimwe vyakorewe ku bantu 13 mu myaka itatu vyabigaragaje.

Ikindi cegeranyo na co kivuga ko kugira ingorane mu kumenya inzira bishobora kuba ikimenyetso c'indwara ya Alzheimer.

Biragaragara ko uko ubwonko bwacu bukora cane, ari ko burushiriza gukingirwa ku gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira neza.

Ming avuga ko rero gukoresha cane LLMs (ubwenge bukorano) bishobora kudatuma gusa uguhanga gushikira hasi, ariko kandi bikonona ubwonko no kwongera ingorane zo kurwara "ukwibagira" .

Uko ikoreshwa ry'ubwenge bukorano (AI) rigenda ryiyongera, ni ngombwa ko turikoresha mu buryo butugirira akamaro aho kutugirira nabi. Ming asaba ko iherezo ry'ivyo ryoshobora kuba ubwenge bwitwa "hybrid intelligence" canke "ubwenge buvanze", aho abantu n'imashini bakorana mu gukora ibintu bigoye.

Ivyo bisigura ko dukwiye kubanza kwiyumvira ubwacu, hanyuma tugakoresha ibikoresho bidufasha, aho kurekura gusa ngo bitwishurire ibibazo vyose. Kosmyna na we aravyemera, akavuga ko ari vyiza kubanza kwiga ivyigwa ata AI ukoresheje kugira wubake umushinge, hanyuma ukazoca wiyumvira kuyikoresha.

Ming arasaba gukoresha ico yise "nemesis prompt" mu kwipima no kwihinyanyura mu vyiyumviro vyawe. Ivyo bikorwa usaba AI kwitwara nk'"umwansi wawe w'ibihe vyose", hanyuma ukayisaba gusigura mu buryo burambuye igituma ivyiyumviro vyawe bitari vyo n'ingene wobikosora.

Ivyo bituma ugerageza kwivuna no gukomeza ivyiyumviro vyawe aho kwemera gusa ivyo iguha.

Ubundi buryo asaba ni ugushira imbere ico yita "ugushikirana kw'ingirakamaro" , ni ukuvuga gusaba AI kuguha gusa insiguro rusangi no kubaza ibibazo, aho kugushikiriza inyishu zose.

Igihe yagerageza kubikora mu gutunganya AI kugira ntitange inyishu, yasanze abantu benshi barushiriza kugira uruhara.

Muri rusangi , dukwiye kwirinda inzira z'ubwenge bworoshe , kuko ari ibintu "ubwonko bwacu bukunda cane", nk'uko Kosmyna abivuga.

Biragaragara ko ku buzima bwiza bw'ubwonko mu gihe kirekire, dukwiye kuguma twigerageza. Ivyo bizotuma ubwenge bwacu, uguhanga n'ubushobozi bwo kwiyumvira neza birushiriza gutera imbere.