Unit 6: Jurassic mystery: unpacking the past
Modals of deduction and speculation - present and past
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- 1 Pop-ups
- 2 Hidden talents
- 3 Can't buy me love
- 4 Travellers' tales
- 5 The colleague from hell
- 6 Jurassic mystery: unpacking the past
- 7 Career changes
- 8 Art
- 9 Project management
- 10 The dog ate my homework!
- 11 The diary of a double agent
- 12 Fashion forward
- 13 Flat pack skyscrapers
- 14 Extreme sports
- 15 Food fads
- 16 Me, my selfie and I
- 17 Endangered animals
- 18 A nip and a tuck: cosmetic surgery
- 19 I'm really sorry...
- 20 Telling stories
- 21 Fakes and phrasals
- 22 Looking to the future
- 23 Becoming familiar with things
- 24 From rags to riches
- 25 Against the odds
- 26 Our future on Mars?
- 27 Where is it illegal to get a fish drunk?
- 28 Dodgy dating
- 29 Annoying advice
- 30 I'll have been studying English for thirty weeks
Session 4
Neil's lunch has gone missing. Did Rob steal it? Find out in this session and also learn how English speakers make three words into one, using double contractions.
Wayitii marii qabxii 4
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Activity 2
How to pronounce contractions
Listen and repeat
In this activity, you can listen to some clips from Neil and Rob's argument about the missing sandwich again. Neil will repeat the sentences slowly for you and explain how we make double contractions.
Then Neil will give you some clear models of the pronunciation. All you have to do is listen and repeat!
Sagalee kana dhaggeefadhuu shaakala kana xumuri

Hi everyone, Neil here. I'd like to help you to pronounce some of these double contractions we've heard in this session. We'll start with the ones from my little argument with Rob about my sandwiches. Here are the key sentences again.
Insert
it can't've been me because I've just eaten some pizza with Finn and I'm full.
Did you get that? He said, "It can't've been me because I've just eaten some pizza with Finn and I'm full." That's cannot have, cannot have. Can't've.
Here's another one:
Insert
...so it mightn't've been Rob after all.
And so I said, "It mightn't've been Rob after all." Mightn't've. That's might not have. Mightn't've.
Here's the next one:
Insert
...it mustn't've Rob who stole my lunch then.
That's, "So it mustn't've Rob who stole my lunch then." Mustn't've. That's must not have. Musn't've.
And the last one:
Insert
No it couldn't've been Rob because he just had the most delicious pizza...
That was, "No it couldn't've been Rob because he just had a delicious pizza." Couldn't've. Couldn't've. That's could not have.
Right, now let's break them down and then build them up again. And when I say 'repeat' then repeat after me. Good luck!
Could not have - Couldn't've. Couldn't've. And repeat after me. Couldn't've.
Might not have - Mightn't've. Mightn't've. Repeat after me. Mightn't've.
Must not have - Mustn't've. Mustn't've. And repeat after me. Mustn't've.
Cannot have - Can't've. Can't've. And repeat after me. Can't've.
Well done! And here are some more common double contractions that we didn't hear in the recording today:
I would have - I'd've. I'd've. And repeat after me. I'd've.
You would have - You'd've. You'd've. And repeat after me. You'd've.
He would have - He'd've. He'd've. And repeat after me. He'd've.
She would have - She'd've. She'd've. And repeat after me. She'd've.
We would have - We'd've. We'd've. And repeat after me. We'd've. OK, and just one more...
They would have - They'd've. They'd've. And repeat after me. They'd've.
Download
You can download this activity from our Intermediate Unit 6 Downloads page.
Next
There's one more activity in this session. Listen to see if you hear single or double contractions.
Session Vocabulary
When we make two words into one, we call them contractions:
could have - could've
Sometimes we make three words into one. We call these double contractions:
could not have - couldn't've
We use apostophes to show where the missing letters were in the new contracted word:
Single contraction: Might not - mightn't
Double contraction: Might not have - mightn't've
Here are some common double contractions:
Could not have - Couldn't've
Might not have - Mightn't've
Must not have - Mustn't've
Cannot have - Can't've
I would have - I'd've
You would have - You'd've
He would have - He'd've
She would have - She'd've
We would have - We'd've
They would have - They'd've